RESUMEN
Introduction: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic thousands of people have experienced teleworking and this practice is becoming increasingly commonplace. This review aims to highlight the differences in exposure to psychosocial risk factors for health between part-time and full-time teleworking from home. Methods: The protocol of the systematic review of the literature was registered on PROSPERO 2020 platform according to the PRISMA statement guidelines. The key words "telework" and "frequency" ("part-time" or "full-time"), together with their synonyms and variations, were searched. Independent researchers conducted the systematic search of 7 databases: Scopus, SciELO, PePSIC; PsycInfo, PubMed, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) and Web of Science. Of the 638 articles identified from 2010 to June 2021, 32 were selected for data extraction. The authors evaluated the risk of bias and quality of evidence of the studies included using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Main themes categorized include 7 dimensions of psychosocial risk factors: work intensity and working hours; emotional demands; autonomy; social relationships at work; conflict of values, work insecurity and home/work interface. Results: The results revealed scant practice of full-time teleworking prior to the pandemic. Regarding the psychosocial risk factors found, differences were evident before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. For part-time and full-time telework prior to the pandemic, the dimensions of intensification of work and working hours, social relationships at work, and the home-work interface were the most prominent factors. However, studies performed during the COVID-19 pandemic where teleworking was mostly performed full-time, there was an increase in focus on emotional demands and the home-work interface, and a reduction in the other dimensions. Discussion: Full-time telework brings important changes in working conditions and has the potential to affect living and health conditions of teleworkers. Part-time teleworking may have positive impact on psychosocial risk factors, favoring work-home balance, communication, and social relationships. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=191455, PROSPERO 2020 CRD4202019 1455.
RESUMEN
Introdução - O Brasil apresenta, historicamente, índices alarmantes de acidentes do trabalho. No ano de 2010 foi implantada, no país, a política pública do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção (FAP) com intuito de incentivar a melhoria das condições de trabalho e da Saúde do Trabalhador, estimulando empresas a implementarem políticas mais efetivas da saúde e segurança do trabalho para reduzir a acidentalidade. Objetivo - Identificar desafios e limitações da política pública instituída pelo Fator Acidentário de Prevenção e a saúde do trabalhador brasileiro, num período de estudo de 2002 até 2022. Métodos - Pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, com orientação analítico-descritiva, tendo a Teoria da Atividade Histórico Cultural (TAHC)/Sistema de Atividade como suporte teórico na realização da análise histórica com base em dados de revisão integrativa, entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos públicos e não públicos. Resultados - Identificação de seis evidências de contradições/eventos críticos que demonstraram a desestruturação prévia e posterior à implantação do FAP no sentido contrário à melhoria das condições de trabalho e saúde do trabalhador no Brasil. Conclusão - Demonstração da necessidade de criar mecanismos de transparência em relação aos dados da política pública e desenvolvimento de propostas para melhoria da metodologia de cálculo e aplicação do FAP.
Introduction - Brazil has historically presented alarming rates of work accidents. The Accident Prevention Factor (FAP) public policy was implemented in Brazil in 2010 with the aim of encouraging the improvement of working conditions and Workers' Health, encouraging companies to implement more effective policies for health and safety at work to reduce the accidentality. Objective - To identify the challenges and limitations of the public policy instituted by the Accident Prevention Factor and the health of Brazilian workers, in a study period between 2002 and 2022. Methods - Qualitative research of an exploratory nature, with analytical-descriptive orientation, having the Historical-Cultural Activity Theory /Activity System as theoretical support in carrying out historical analysis, based on integrative review data, semi-structured interviews, public and non-public documents. Results - Identification of six evidences of contradictions/critical events that demonstrate the disruption before and after the implementation of the FAP in the opposite direction to the improvement of working conditions and workers' health in Brazil. Conclusion - Demonstration of the need for transparency in relation to public policy data and development of proposals to improve the methodology for calculating and applying the FAP.
